Reading and its Effects on Development Essay -- Early Childhood Develo

Reading and its Effects on Development Over the years the attention focused on children from birth to three years has increased dramatically. Actually, it was in the 1970’s that researchers began to believe that reading to infants would help to stimulate their growth and development. Up to the decade of the 1970’s many people believed that infants lacked any intellectual abilities. Some people also believed that an infant’s hearing and vision were not operative in the first few months of life. But, over the years studies have proven otherwise. The first three years of life have been proven to be the most critical years in a child’s development. One area looked at by researchers and teachers are is how reading to infants and toddlers affects their development. Researchers and child development specialists advocate that parents begin reading to their children, even from birth, because it helps the child’s brain to develop more quickly and aids in the development of language skills. Brain development is very crucial in the first three years of life. Experts now say it’s the first three years of a child’s life that may hold the key to the future (Phillips, 1998). Infants are born with about one hundred billion brain cells, and when the child is not stimulated the brain cells die off. The critical period of brain development is within the first six months of life; the sensitive period of brain development includes birth to three years of age (Murray, n.d). At three months the brain has the potential to distinguish several hundred spoken sounds. Over the next few months the brain organizes itself to recognize only the sounds it hears (Phillips, 1998). This shows that if a child is not exposed to literature and other ... ...We Make a Difference? Pediatrics. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0950/4_105/62023007/print.jhtml Maxcey, M.(1998, April 29). Reading to Children Stimulates Early Brain Development. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http://www.agnews.tamu.edu/stories/CFAM/Apr2998a.htm Murray, B. (n.d). Understanding brain development and early learning: New research better inform the ‘nature vs. nurture’ issue. FACSNET. Retrieved April 23, 2003, from http://www.facsnet.org/tools.sci_tech/biotek/eliot.php Phillips, A. (1998, April 27). Baby’s brain: First three years of life may hold the key to child’s future. Courier. Retrieved April 22, 2003, from http://www.wcfcourier.com/life98/980426first.html Porter, P. (2003, April 6). Early Brain Development. Retrieved April 20, 2003, from http://www.educarer.com/brain.htm

Human Physical Appearance and Women Essay

Throughout these moments in time, the term beauty has slipped out of control and become something utterly dissimilar. The significance of beauty has developed into something so unappealing, so unpleasant, so repugnant, that even now society is coming to the apprehension that the way they are portraying the description of beauty is erroneous. Over time, ‘beauty’ has evolved to something rather peripheral. Being beautiful is turning into an undesirable act, that most girls will go into extremes, just to get a sense of feeling ‘beautiful. ’ Although beauty is now considered something by which your looks will define, during Greek times â€Å"beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Person’s then were assumed to be what we now have to call – lamely, enviously – whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person’s â€Å"inside† and â€Å"outside†, they expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind† (313, Sontag). Nevertheless, there was once a time where beauty was interpreted or described as something internal, unlike now, beauty goes more towards the looks. â€Å"Beautiful† people have lots going on for them. They are more confident, make more money, and get promoted faster than their â€Å"less attractive† colleagues. But for the career – driven women, beauty is a no-win situation; the public wants you to be attractive, but, at the same time, not so beautiful that it is off-putting. People might say that looks shouldn’t matter, but in the real world, they do. Women try so hard to look their best, and at the same time, feel their best. Women struggle a lot in trying to â€Å"fit in† to what society sees as being beautiful. Women nowadays alter their body parts, faces, and their diets in order to feel satisfied with themselves. A universal obsession that girls have been approaching with is that that they must be required to look a certain way to be thought of as pretty. Girls look up to celebrities and models and see how skinny, scrawny, almost skeletal, and undernourished they are and they get this idea that they must look like that in order to be noticed. A widespread trend that has been going around has been that of the name anorexia and bulimia. Starving yourself, or eating excessively and then purging – girls see it as something they must do in order to feel good about themselves. They glimpse these famous figures with their collarbones showing, thigh gaps, small waists, and they get this state of mind that they must achieve that to feel beautiful. Society and mass media are barraging women with images that portray what is considered to be the â€Å"ideal body. † Such standards of beauty are almost completely unattainable for most women; a majority of the models displayed on television and in advertisements are well below what is considered healthy body weight. Mass media’s use of such unrealistic models sends an implicit message that in order for a woman to be considered beautiful, she must be unhealthy. And this is what beauty is defined as in our time. Body image is a complicated aspect of the self-concept that concerns an individual’s perceptions and feelings about their body and physical appearance. Females of all ages seem to be so vulnerable in this area, starting off in their pre-teen years, going along throughout their existence. Body dissatisfaction is something that goes through most women or young girls at some point in their lives. Females have been found to experience dissatisfaction with physical appearance at a much higher rate than males, and women of all ages and sizes display body image disturbance. Concern over weight and appearance related issues often surfaces in a woman’s early life. Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating patterns have been found to be an especially prevalent issue in adolescent and college females. Body image becomes a major issue as females go through puberty; girls in mid-adolescence frequently report being dissatisfied with weight, fearing further weight gain, and being preoccupied with weight loss. This is a problem that we are now facing, and because of this many girls are suffering and going through difficult times, juts to feel good about themselves. The 20th century has seen a huge upsurge in the importance placed by Western society on physical beauty, particularly for women. The fashion, cosmetics and plastic surgery industries have thrived on 20th century preoccupation with physical appearance. It is a preoccupation that affects women in every sphere, whether they choose to pander to it or not. Definitions of beauty in the 20th century, when referring to human physical  beauty, are nearly always constructed in terms of outward appearance and sexual attractiveness. Images in the media today project an unrealistic and even dangerous standard of feminine beauty that can have a powerful influence on the way women view themselves. From the perspective of the mass media, thinness is idealized and expected for women to be considered â€Å"attractive. † Images in advertisements, television, and music usually portray the â€Å"ideal woman† as tall, white, and thin, with a â€Å"tubular† body, and blonde hair. This representation that is being portrayed has been a vast difficulty that girls are coming across of. They don’t feel beautiful, thus altering their ways of eating and the way they look very drastically in order to fit in. Only a very small percentage of women in Western countries meet the criteria the media uses to define â€Å"beautiful†; yet so many women are repeatedly exposed to media images that send the message that a woman is not acceptable and attractive if she does not match society’s â€Å"ultra-thin† standard of beauty. In recent years, women’s body sizes have grown larger, while societal standards of body shape have become much thinner. This discrepancy has made it increasingly difficult for most women to achieve the current sociocultural â€Å"ideal. † Such a standard of perfection is unrealistic and even dangerous. Many of the models shown on television, advertisements, and in other forms of popular media are approximately 20% below ideal body weight, thus meeting the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Research has repeatedly shown that constant exposure to thin models fosters body image concerns and disordered eating in many females. Almost all forms of the media contain unrealistic images, and the negative effects of such idealistic portrayals have been demonstrated in numerous studies. The mass media’s depiction of women portrays a standard of beauty that is unrealistic and unattainable for a majority of women in society. Models shown in all forms of popular media are often under what is considered healthy body weight, which sends a powerful message that women must sacrifice their health to be considered attractive by societal standards. The negative effects of ultra-thin media images of women have been well documented; research has shown that females who are repeatedly exposed to and internalize the thin ideal are at greater risk to develop body image disturbance and eating pathology. Although it is clear that the media influences the way women view themselves, it is unclear how this process takes place. The social comparison theory, cultivation theory, and self-schema theory can be used to examine how media images of women come to affect the way women feel about their bodies and physical appearance. These perspectives also give some explanation for why some women show resilience to the negative effects of the media, while others are dramatically impacted. Nevertheless, beauty has become something rather disturbing and unwell. The image of beauty has been portrayed onto something so popularized that mostly all women around the world are being affected by it. Women are changing their ways and changing themselves to feel as if they fit in to what society expects of it. Beauty is still evolving, and is changing throughout the time, not for the better but for the worst.

Passed vs. Past How to Choose the Right Word

The words passed and past both come from the verb to pass. Originally, in fact, they were the same word—but thats  no longer true. Over time, their uses diverged, and the two words are now far from interchangeable, despite how similar they may seem. Passed and past are also homophones, words that are pronounced the same but differ in  meaning and spelling.   How to Use Passed The word passed means to move on, move ahead, take place, go beyond, go across, decline, win approval, or complete successfully. Passed is both the past and past participle form of the verb pass. It can function either as a transitive verb, meaning it takes a direct object, or an intransitive verb, which does not take a direct object. How to Use Past Past usually means belonging to a former time or beyond a time or place. Past has many functions. It can be a noun (meaning a previous time), an adjective (meaning ago), and a preposition (meaning beyond). Past can also be an adverb, which is a part of speech  (or  word class) thats primarily used to  modify  a  verb,  adjective, or  other adverbs. Examples Differentiating between passed and past allows us to either talk about the past (or previous time) more precisely or to use a verb, passed, indicating some kind of movement. Consider the following examples to deepen your understanding of the distinction between the two terms:   The past two weeks have been hard for Sally. She has not passed any of her exams. In the first sentence, past serves as an adjective, modifying the word weeks. By contrast, in the second sentence, passed is used as the past participle form of the verb pass.When she walked past me, I told her to forget the past and look toward the future. These sentences show how flexible the word past can be. In the first sentence, past functions as an adverb, modifying the verb walked, meaning that she walked beyond me. In the second sentence, past is a noun, meaning a previous time.Passed can also serve as the simple past tense of the verb pass, as in this example: We passed several children having fun on the playground.Past can be an adjective, modifying a person or idea, as in, Our past president spoke until past 10 p.m. In the first sentence, past is an adjective modifying president, while in the second sentence, past modifies the time, 10 p.m. How to Remember the Difference   Remember that passed describes an action, while  past  describes a time or space. There are a few memory tricks to help you determine which word is correct. The word past describes a previous space or time, so remember that the last two letters of past are s and t standing for space or time. When it comes to recognizing when to use the word passed, Spellzone suggests that you imagine two people with names beginning with s  passing something to each other:  Sarah passed  Sally the salt. Spellzone also suggests putting your sentence into the present tense. If the word ‘pass’ (or ‘passes’) works in the new sentence it means you need to use  passed, says Spellzone.  So you might have: Sarah passed the salt to Sue. Putting the sentence into the present tense would yield: Sarah passes the salt to Sue. You could never say, Sarah past the salt to Sue. Idiom Alerts Sometimes, passed or past is used as an idiom, a set expression of two or more  words  that means something other than the  literal  meanings  of its individual words. Pass(ed) away: The phrasal verb pass(ed) away  is a euphemism for die or died, as in this example: Thousands attended his funeral after George passed away. Pass(ed) the hat (around): The idiom pass(ed) the hat (around) means to collect donations of money from a group of people. This sentence uses the idiom as such: At the community meeting, we passed the hat around to raise funds for the new church. Pass(ed) out: The phrasal verb pass(ed) out means to faint or lose consciousness. These sentences make the point: He was so inebriated that he passed out in the park after drinking all night.He ran a 10-mile marathon and then passed out due to exhaustion at the finish line.She had a slight heart murmur and passed out because of it.After her daughter and son-in-law announced they were having a baby, the mother passed out from joy.As he placed the engagement ring on her finger, she passed out from shock.The accident was so bad that as she passed by, she passed out. Note how the last sentence uses both the idiom passed out as well as the verb  passed by meaning to move beyond or to walk past. Past your prime: The expression past ones prime means no longer in good health or no longer as good at something as one used to be. These examples show some uses of the phrase: The professor was once capable and respected, but by the 1990s he was past his prime.Many star athletes stay in the game too long—well after they are past their prime. Sources Brians, Paul. Washington State University.  Common Errors in English Usage and More Han Feitzu d 233 BCE Legalist Views on Good Government Comments, brians.wsu.edu/2016/05/30/passed-past/.Football in the USA, homepage.smc.edu/quizzes/cheney_joyce/PassedorPast.html.Voice:  Active and Passive, webapps.towson.edu/ows/past.htm.

Essay on Literature Comparison Between a Short Story and a...

Literature Comparison between a Short Story and a Poem Gian Carlo O. Dela Cruz Literature Comparison between a Short Story and a Poem Literature? This form of entertainment had been around for ages, whether be in a form of a Poetry, a Drama or a Short Story. This Type of literature had been used by Poets and Authors to convey their deepest desires, feelings, Ideas, amazing imaginations which makes us, whoever we want and an escape to daily normal life and with this making it humorous and lively. Everyone definitely have been exposed to a genre of literature in their life at one point. It comes from the French language and is used to identify types or categories of literature. (Clugston, 2010). This can be further classified or†¦show more content†¦Thurber was encouraged by his family as well as society to advance himself socially. He had two brothers and a father to constantly enforce male views. However, his mother was dominant personality of the family. Described as a larger than life, born comedienne, Mary Anne (Mame) Fisher Thurber was a source of inspiration for her son’s literary works. Ja mes Thurber attended college at Ohio State University from 1913 to 1918. Shortly after returning from Paris, France as a code clerk for the U.S. Department of State, Thurber married Althea Adams. Unfortunately, the marriage was troubled and ended in divorce 12 years later in 1935. Emily Dickinson of â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† and James Thurber’s â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty† are both great literary works. Although these stories are well written, they both own a different character. Emily’s story is a solemn and compacts with the matter of death and tragedy events involving a women who remains so busy that she never has time to stop and think about anything else, including death. In contrast, Thurber’s story has a comedic sensibility presented through the acts of a somewhat unlucky man. â€Å"The main theme of this story is escapism, in which the main character deals with his everyday frustrations by escaping into daydreams† (Cummings, 2009). Alongside the advantage of the enormous differences, a commonality exists which describes the negative compromise ofShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pages Adrienne Rich, poem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. 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The Military And Its Structure, Order And Discipline Of...

The military is known for its structure, order and discipline of the Servicemen and Servicewoman, but mostly for its great leadership throughout the ranks. The military is structured by the ranking system. In the Navy, the Service member s level of authority and responsibilities is based on his or her rate. There are the entry level rates Seaman Recruit, Seaman Apprentice and Seaman; Petty Officer Third Class, Petty Officer Second Class and Petty Officer First Class. Lastly, there are the senior level rates Chief Petty Officer, Senior Chief Petty Officer and Master Chief Petty Officer. Sailors in the rates Seaman Recruit (SR), Seaman Apprentice (SA) and Seaman (SN) are in the pay grades Enlisted-1 through Enlisted-3 (E-1 through E-3). Sailors in these rates, or paygrades, are not typically placed in leadership roles. A few expectations of Sailors in these rates are for them to employ basic knowledge and skills on a daily basis and to progress into productive leaders in today’s Navy. They are also expected to obey all orders of personnel appointed over them. However, one of the greatest expectations of Sailors in these ranks, is for them to develop and exhibit decent followership skills. Due to the competiveness and the number of vacant spots, the requirement for a Sailor to advance to the rates of Petty Officer Third Class (PO3), Petty Officer Second Class (PO2) and Petty Officer First Class (PO1) or pay grade Enlisted-4 through Enlisted-6 (E-4 through E-6), they

The Importance of Training & Development-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Identify the main Concept of the best service in the Public transport. Answer: Introduction ComfortDelgro Corporation Limited is the biggest public transport company of Singapore. The taxi companies in Singapore were facing a disturbance due to the regulation of Land transport Authority to hire private car services like Uber. At such a crisis situation the training of taxi drivers has become a necessity. It is required to train the taxi drivers to develop their soft skills and make them efficient in maintaining and operating the vehicles. They should also be taught about the local places that will attract tourists (Ford, 2014). The taxi drivers should also know how to deal with accidents because they are the immediate ones who can provide first- aid to the victims. An expert and trained taxi driver will be able to offer help on few subject matters to maintain the knowledge gap between operators. The training will also help in identifying the main concepts of the best service in the public transport. This will help to improve the experience of those people who are dependent on public transport. The knowledge and skills that is imparted will also help in development of the business (Wilson, 2014). A survey of the ComfortDelgro business environment looks into the competitors and the SWOT analysis of the company (Bracker Cohen, 2015). Strength- 1.High growth rate 2.Large employment 3.Expanded in seven countries Opportunities- 1.Increase in market share due to new assets 2.Constant increase in income Weakness- 1.Other transport providers are competitors 2.Not so recognized brand Threats- 1.Increase in competitors 2.Increase in private cars 3.Increase in fuel costs 4.Low profit Fig- SWOT analysis Source- (Wilson, 2014). Forty passengers who are regular travelers were asked about their experience in order to conduct a random survey. The answers received from the passengers were mixed. Some were on the side of ComfortDelgro while the rest were not. People who replied in affirmative said that ComfortDelgro is a fast and reliable transport service. They cover a major part of Singapore and the fare is also affordable. On the contrary, the passengers who replied negatively said that it is not a renowned brand therefore they cannot rely on ComfortDelgro. They did not want to switch from their original cab or taxi as they did not find anything better in ComfortDelgro (Seidle, Fernandez Perry, 2016). Description Rationale and purpose The training that was provided to the taxi drivers was beneficial on the part of the company as well as for the passengers. ComfortDelgro got their potent drivers who are well- trained, aware and efficient to deal with any kind of situation. They were given customer awareness training for the safety of children, adults and old people at risk. These are useful because the drivers face certain critical situation which no other people can think of. They learnt the basic hard and soft skills which will help them throughout their lifetime (Jehanzeb Bashir, 2013). The learning outcomes proposed from the training are as follows: Through this training the taxi drivers got to know how to deal with the commuters politely. Their change in behavior will promote the name of the company to the non- passenger of ComfortDelgro who will start hiring it. Increase in the number of commuters will help in the growth and development of ComfortDelgro. If the company starts flourishing at a rapid rate it will not take much time for ComfortDelgro to become one of the largest transport providers in the world (Kraiger et al., 2014). Training Needs Analysis The training is very much relevant towards the achievement of business goals. The survey and analysis showed that there are still many weakness and threats on ComfortDelgro which are acting as hurdles in their way to success. If the learning outcomes on the part of the drivers are met properly then it will not take too long to achieve their target (Kraiger, 2014). Training and development methods can be categorized by a pyramid structure. Fig- Training and development structure Source- (Latif, Jan Shaheen, 2013) ROI- helps to find out if the business results are worthy of the effort Results- if the training given lead to an increase in business result or not Behavior- if the drivers used their skill and knowledge as a result of the training Learning- if the drivers learnt anything from the training Reaction- if the drivers enjoyed the training and they were involved or not (Kulkarni, 2013) The training methods are aligned to the intended learning outcome in a way that the taxi drivers follow the methods of learning to implement their knowledge in the practical field. The drivers need to be quick enough to use their behavioral skills when needed in order to get the result and that will prove if they were involved properly in the training (Frost, 2014). The principles of measurement of learning are- engagement and motivation, content knowledge, planning and communication, cumulative measurement of progress, support for teaching and learning goals and recognition of social and cultural aspects of assessment. Training that encourages learning keeps the trainees engaged and they get motivated to learn more. Knowledge of everything related to ones own field is necessary. The training of the drivers should be planned accordingly and two- way communication is required for better learning outcome. Assessment should be fair, valid and appropriate for the purpose. This can be done by analyzing information from a wide range of sources. The HR should know the procedure to enhance the learning capacity of the drivers. A positive learning environment is a must and the trainers should be taught to learn from their mistakes. Training will be effective only when different values, assumptions and understandings will be recognized. The four dimension s of outcomes are- knowledge, skills, attitudes and values and behavior. The drivers realized that learning outcomes actually differ from the specific goal. Learning outcomes are solid, measurable descriptions but goals are wide and general (Latif, Jan Shaheen, 2013). Conclusion The summative method assesses the learning of the trainers at the end of the training by comparing and contrasting with a set standard. They can sometimes have a high point value. The training needs are evaluated for understanding the effectiveness. The two aspects of training programs include clear plans for implementation and strong evaluation of the effectiveness. That is why the training programs of the ComfortDelgro were based on the needs of the company and not because that the training hours need to be filled. Such training programs needed to be implemented according to a logical consideration of the needs of training. The formative method includes diagnostic testing which varies from formal and informal assessment procedures during the process of learning outcome. This modifies the training as well as learning activities to improve the drivers attainment. The evaluation of the effectiveness of training program is based on the learning of the trainees and improvement of their skills. This would help the trainees as well as the HR department to understand the success of the training program in spreading knowledge and modifies the skills of the drivers. Training programs were conducted in ComfortDelgro with a focus to link with the goals of the company, selecting the right candidates, choosing a convenient time for the HR as well as the trainees, publish a training calendar prior to the training and assess the effectiveness of the training program by filling out survey sheets and interaction with the participants to understand if the lesson was well receive. References Bracker, J. S., Cohen, D. J. (2015). The Impact of Training and Development Activities on Small Technology Oriented Entrepreneurial Firm Performance.Journal of Small Business Strategy,3(2), 1-14. Ford, J. K. (2014).Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Frost, S. (2014). The importance of training development in the workplace. Jehanzeb, K., Bashir, N. A. (2013). Training and development program and its benefits to employee and organization: A conceptual study.European Journal of business and management,5(2). Kraiger, K. (2014). Looking back and looking forward: Trends in training and development research.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(4), 401-408. Kraiger, K., Passmore, J., dos Santos, N. R., Malvezzi, S. (Eds.). (2014).The Wiley Blackwell handbook of the psychology of training, development, and performance improvement. John Wiley Sons. Kulkarni, P. P. (2013). A literature review on training development and quality of work life.Researchers World,4(2), 136. Latif, K. F., Jan, S., Shaheen, N. (2013). Association of Training Satisfaction with Employee Development aspect of Job Satisfaction.Journal of managerial sciences,7(1). Seidle, B., Fernandez, S., Perry, J. L. (2016). Do leadership training and development make a difference in the public sector? A panel study.Public Administration Review,76(4), 603-613. Wilson, J. P. (2014). International human resource development: Learning, education and training for individuals and organisations.Development and Learning in Organizations,28(2). ondents)

Management in the Apple Company

Introduction The Apple Company is one of the most successful electronics companies around the globe. The company designs and produces the state-of-the-art products whose quality has captured customers to maintain their buying behavior.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management in the Apple Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The electronics giant is well known for its unique software and hardware structures whose success has been attributed to its focus on some unique and hi-tech internet-based services and merchandise such as personal computers and cell phones. For instance, its phones use the iOS operating system, while other Smartphones use different operating systems such as the Tizen OS for the Samsung Company. This paper discusses the Apple Company’s organizational culture, corporate governance, organizational structure, leadership, organizational ethics, and corporate entrepreneurship. These m anagerial economics topics are very important because they point out the secret behind Apple Company’s success in the electronics industry. The Contribution of Leadership to Apple Company’s Success Leadership plays a very crucial role in managerial economics in terms of determining the future of any organization. The leader develops the path through which the organization will follow towards success or failure. For Apple Company, developing a successful business platform is now the company’s core leadership agenda. The leadership has built up a well-structured business strategy that has the client at heart as the company’s most valuable asset.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The leadership shifted its attention to transforming the business world by producing several customer-friendly goods and services (Albanese, 2014). Despite the challenge from its core competitor, Samsung, which revealed its plan to produce OLED displays that caught the attention of many customers, Steve Jobs had an excellent plan to drive the company to greater heights. In fact, after reviving the company, which would have otherwise been closed in 1997, following leadership and management challenges, Steve Jobs had envisioned a time when he was to revolutionize the world of â€Å"personal computing, animated movies, music, phones, tablet computing, retail stores, and digital publishing† (Isaacson, 2012, Para. 1). Steve Jobs deployed a transformational leadership style that focused on seeing every stakeholder play his or role of lifting the company’s productivity. Workers who did not perform their duties diligently were fired. Apple Company’s current business position under Tim Cook is founded on what Steve Jobs established. He was a perfectionist who needed everything to be the way the company’s objectives had stipulated. Tim Cook, his successor, took over at a time when the launch of Apple Maps was being done. He has positioned himself into Steve Jobs’ leadership shoes. Good leadership is about developing a competent managerial team that is committed to working. Having returns of 11% a year is a clear indication that Apple Company has the best leadership (Albanese, 2014). The motivation behind Apple’s leadership is customer experience, unlike its competitors who focus more on the market share. Ensuring the best customer service has made the company rise to be the best electronics business worldwide. The company has demonstrated a healthy relationship between its leaders and the management team.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management in the Apple Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Apple Company’s Organizational Structure and its Importance In managerial economics, an organizational structure is a key pi llar that defines how the different stakeholders and organizations’ staff members interact. Apple Company has a very secretive organizational structure. It is believed that even some of its staff members cannot describe the structure. The reason for this secrecy is that the company does not want its competitors to know about its strategy. However, the company has a structure where all employees, leadership, and management departments work collaboratively. Initially, when the company was steered by Steve Jobs, the company was utilizing the Top-down structure where all decisions originated from the leader down to the managers and employees. The current structure that was developed under Tim Cook’s leadership is collaborative. Several communication channels have been established for employee contribution before information reaches the company’s top management. These channels comprise the supervisors who report to the project directors and then to the heads of the d epartment before reaching the manager (Yarow, 2013). Apple Company demonstrates excellent resource coordination as required in managerial economics since everyone has a chance to practice his or her expertise. Recruiting new staff members is a process that Apple Company’s supervisors have taken with a lot of seriousness to recruit the best team that can take the company towards the witnessed success. The company’s employees work in their areas of specialization. Specialization in Apple Company has paved a way for proper scrutiny of all activities. According to Yarow (2013), employees have a chance to broaden their skills, attain new experience, and/or learn more in their areas of expertise.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Specialization has helped Apple Company’s employees to become innovative. They have come up with iPod, iTunes, iPhone, App Store, iPad, and the Apple TV, which have helped it to retain its existing clientele while at the same time attracting new ones. How Apple Company handles Corporate Governance Corporative governance is very important in any company’s management since it highlights the operations, connections, and procedures that direct and control the business. The work of Apple Company’s board of directors is to check the performance of the company’s management (McCrum, 2012). It ensures a balance between the company’s management and stakeholders. The company’s board is also responsible for setting ethical principles that guarantee worker professionalism and responsibility. Such ethical principles have been central for Apple Company to the extent that the company has vowed to produce quality and user-friendly products at affordable char ges. Although issues arose concerning gender balance on the board of directors committee arose when it had only one female member amongst a panel of several White male members, Apple Company promised to counter the issue by bringing more female shareholders to the board as a way of ensuring that all stakeholders were represented. According to McCrum (2012), the company â€Å"has bowed to investor demands to give shareholders greater influence over the election of directors, a move that will make it far harder for other leading US companies to ignore calls to improve corporate governance standards† (Para. 1). Apple Company’s corporate governance is set to steer it towards great achievements. The company upholds preponderance appointment of directors whom it needs to remain at the top of the competition. The procedures for selecting committee members who are committed to getting the best-qualified women and other minority groups are included in the board. This corporate governance move has helped the company to handle the issue of diversification. It has also adopted better approaches to deal with the issue of investors under the new management. Apple Company’s Plan to Maintain Balance between Rewards, Culture, and Boundaries Apple Company has a culture of straightforwardness, stylishness, and modernism. The company’s rewarding plan has helped to increase demand for the company’s products around the globe while at the same time boosting worker motivation. For instance, the company rewards its workers with salary increments together with hi-tech iPads among other perks, which keep them motivated to serve its clients devotedly. The company knows well that such a worker treatment is not a loss, but an added profit since motivated employees end up increasing their input to the company. This culture has rewarded the company to the extent that it has risen to be the best international electronics business company (McCrum, 2012). When ever the company hires its employees, it seeks to ensure that each worker’s talent are nurtured and tapped for the benefit, not only of the company, but also of the individual employee. Such a unique culture helps the company to mark its boundaries based on its core values without being swayed by its competitors’ products. Apple Company has remained in its line of production, not giving in to any persuasion to incorporate its competitors’ software into its devices. For instance, the Nokia Company tried to include Android in some of its devices. However, this move was not profitable as it was expected. Remaining true to the culture has created the boundary between Apple Company’s products and those of its competitors. This uniqueness has made the company develop a customer-centered norm, which has made it remain relevant in the market. Apple believes in the philosophy of ‘working diligently. Such a philosophy led to the launch of the first music play er gadget, namely iPod. The customer-centered culture has helped to define the company’s business boundaries. Supervisors in the project levels act as advisors to the employees, rather than their bosses. Apple Company’s Organizational Ethics Managerial economics dictates organizations to uphold moral principles. The company maintains very high ethical standards where every person who is associated with it is treated with utmost respect. The company does not discriminate its clients based on their buying power. It values the contribution of all its stakeholders, regardless of the share. It has well-established programs that seek to motivate and train its workers. It trains its employees to demonstrate impartiality and respect when handling the company’s customers (Lashinsky, 2015). As part of the human rights observation, the core objective of the company is to maintain accountability and transparency in its business operations (Warren, Gaspar, Laufer, 2014). The company has education programs around the world where it offers free classes on the business-related subject. These educative programs are a positive way of giving back to the society. It instills some skills that are not taught in class to help in boosting learners curriculum vitae. The company’s employees have insurance covers. Their health is the company’s top priority. The company maintains integrity by ensuring that no counterfeit Apple products can be manufactured and sold to its esteemed clients (Lashinsky, 2015). Steps taken by Apple maintain Corporate Entrepreneurship The reason behind Apple’s success is not just its unique culture, but its well-built entrepreneurial structure. Steve Jobs was able to know what his mission was when he established the company. He maintained customer satisfaction by guaranteed innovative products from its qualified human resources. The company has maintained the entrepreneurial structure by observing and delivering what t he customer needs. The company has created a very good global marketing strategy. It has ensured that all best advertisements, which require some concepts of socializing, have an Apple product in them. The company has some of the best staff members who have worked tirelessly to place the company in its current top position. Professionalism has built the company to its present condition. Specialists play the supervisory roles. Maintaining high standards is among Apple’s mission. It has always worked hard to achieve its agenda. These Standards have helped the company to maintain its uniqueness, thereby attracting more customers. Reference List Albanese, A. (2014). Has the tide turned for Apple? An appeal hearing keeps the door open for a reversal in the company’s e-book case. Publishers Weekly. Web. Isaacson, W. (2012). Real Leadership Lesson of Steve Jobs. Web. Lashinsky, A. (2015). No. 1 Becoming Tim Cook. Fortune, 171(5), 60-72. McCrum, D. (2012). Apple yields to gove rnance reform call. Web. Warren, D., Gaspar, J., Laufer, W. (2014). Is Formal Ethics Training Merely Cosmetic? A Study of Ethics Training and Ethical Organizational Culture. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(1), 85-117. Yarow, J. (2013). Apple’s New Organizational Structure Could Help It Move Faster. Web. 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